The head of South African President Cyril Ramaphosa’s infrastructure and investment office warned that the nation’s power, rail and water reticulation systems are in a dire state and that fixing them will take years even if immediate action is taken. In a paper entitled South Africa’s Infrastructure Emergency: An Urgent and Collaborative Intervention, Kgosientsho Ramokgopa gave the country’s infrastructure a D rating. Ports, freight-rail lines, power plants, metropolitan roads, state schools and waste collection were all deteriorating, he said. Public hospitals were also assessed to be in a poor state.